Indentured servants had run away and settled in the "backwoods areas." If other people moved close to their land, they would simply pick up and move further away. They sought land and freedom in isolation or at least at a distance.
Appalachian Culture-(Yeoman Farmers) no cities in the 17th century. Bible readers, Presbyterians. Not at all like Charleston. Their literacy level was higher than public schools in America. They could read and write but they did not develop educational institutions. No interest. Not dependent on slaves. Slavery was allowed in the colony but they were not slave owners. Why? They didn't live in cities, or large plantations. There wasn't any excess wealth to buy or feed slaves. Highland Scots had large families and they did the work as a family. High birth rate with low mortality rate. They didn't need slaves. They put the kids to work. Not commercial people. Not merchants that developed trading patterns. No large output of goods. It was expensive to take anything overland. If you had a dirt road you were considered living in "high cotton." No roads that were usable in the rainy season. You could not depend on other people. It was expensive to trade with others on a large scale. Trade with neighbors. They wanted independence and land. Division of labor was low; the wealth per capita was low. They also did not develop the lingua franca.
lived as family units, in relatively small units who lived close by. Rural culture based on family and religious ties. The immigrants were heavily Scottish or Scots Irish.
Highland Scots-in the northern parts of Scotland. segregated by their own choice. They continued to speak gaelic for over 200 years to maintain their language and culture. Serious sub culture. Moved to the interior of the US, closer to the mountains.
No port cities.
Lifestyle was fiercely independent. People who are part of the Appalachians are the most independent. Highlanders were clan based. Hatfields and McCoys after the Civil War. It went on for decades. This culture will maintain itself. This culture preserved songs that were hundreds of years old. Late 19th and 20th century when specialists in folklore moved into their towns.
Lowland Scots
Scots Irish had gone to Scotland but for years lived outside of Scotland but maintained their Scottish culture.
Went to western Virginia
preferred living much more isolated lives.
South Carolina
Cash crops like indigo and rice were planted in South Carolina. by 1690 there were 4 black slaves for every 1 white person. These large plantations were usually on rivers to ship their goods. The large slave system led to a wealthy (small) upper class of planters who enjoyed showing off their wealth. There would be a long drive to their house with slave cabins and slaves out working to show the wealth of the owner.
SC founded by immigrants from Barbados.
Barbados was a complete slave society. Radical separation of the races. Elitist and always fear of a slave revolt. No liberty for the slaves. Hierarchical. latin America there was inter marriage among free and slave. Barbados was different. A noble had to show concern for the poor who were under your jurisdiction but it did not happen this way in Barbados. This was the richest British colony. They produced sugar. $$$$$
Navigation Acts were being instituted. Sugar operations got incredibly rich off the monopoly of sugar. Not feared, no social stigma like tobacco. Gang labor for sugar fields. The group was punished. Gang labor system was ruthless. In the Caribbean hierarchy, there were huge numbers of slaves who died. In the south the slaves survived and multiplied. The owners liked this because the child could be sold off. The point is that the kind of oppression that existed in Barbados was not acceptable. Charleston had this Barbados system. Charleston was wealthy. There was a concentration of wealth in Charleston. Very rich. Based on slavery and commerce. There were markets for their goods. Charleston was an export city.
Slave code 1698 was a Barbados slave code. This code was consciously enacted to be like Barbados.
This people who got rich were those who came from Barbados
Execution for the 5th attempt to run away. It escalated. Slave owners were fined if they did not abide by the rules. There was a fine imposed on anyone who killed a slave. If a servant (white) killed a slave, it was a big deal. There was not equality of the law. This was a system to build up the power of the slave owners. In 1700 blacks were as numerous as whites in South Carolina. They reproduced and the children did not die. In 1700 about 50/50. In 1720 it was 2 slave to 1 white free. Paranoid slave owners.
Conclusions:
North Carolina imported culture from Scotland that was decentralized, and freedom loving.
South Carolina imported culture from Barbados that was centralized, hierarchical, and ruthless.
South Carolina provided the model for the deep south. This was the model. Not North Carolina. It was a different culture. Not in tune with the culture of South Carolina. As South Carolina spread their
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